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14Chapter
Real-Time Protocols
Fundamental changes take place by changing the mode of communication from
the well-known broadcast technique where the information bearing signal is modu-
lated and sent out into open space and each receiver picks it and demodulates it for
display to routing and multicasting. e changes involve not only discretizing the
signal, but also assembling the information-carrying bits into packets and assign-
ing headers to packets. Depending on the access techniques, different packets are
formed. For example, an IP packet is an IP datagram that carries a TCP datagram.
Similarly, an Ethernet packet has an IP datagram inside ...