第7章 分类分析
在数据分析的背景下，分类的主要思想是将数据集划分到标记好的子集中。如果数据集是数据库中的一张表，那么这种划分可能仅仅是增加了一个新属性（即表中的新列），它的域（即取值范围）是标签的集合。
例如表7-1展示的16种水果的表。
表7-1 水果示例的训练集
|
Name |
Size |
Color |
Surface |
Sweet |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
apple |
MEDIUM |
RED |
SMOOTH |
T |
|
apricot |
MEDIUM |
YELLOW |
FUZZY |
T |
|
banana |
MEDIUM |
YELLOW |
SMOOTH |
T |
|
cherry |
SMALL |
RED |
SMOOTH |
T |
|
coconut |
LARGE |
BROWN |
FUZZY |
T |
|
cranberry |
SMALL |
RED |
SMOOTH |
F |
|
fig |
SMALL |
BROWN |
ROUGH |
T |
|
grapefruit |
LARGE |
YELLOW |
ROUGH |
F |
|
kumquat |
SMALL |
ORANGE |
SMOOTH |
F |
|
lemon |
MEDIUM |
YELLOW |
ROUGH |
F |
|
orange |
MEDIUM |
ORANGE |
ROUGH |
T |
|
peach |
MEDIUM |
ORANGE |
FUZZY |
T |
|
pear |
MEDIUM |
YELLOW |
SMOOTH |
T |
|
pineapple |
LARGE |
BROWN |
ROUGH |
T |
|
pumpkin ... |
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