When defining functions, one or more arguments can be given a default value such as f(arg = val). If no parameter is supplied for arg, then val is taken as the value of arg. The position of these arguments in the function's input is important, just as it is for normal arguments; that's why they are called optional positional arguments. Here is an example of an f function with an optional argument b:
# code in arguments.jl: f(a, b = 5) = a + b
For example, if it's f(1), then it returns 6; f(2, 5) returns 7; and f(3) returns 8. However, calling it with f() or f(1,2,3) returns an error, because there is no matching function f with zero or three arguments. These arguments are still only defined by position: calling ...
