Laser Growth and Processing of Photonic Devices

Laser Growth and Processing of Photonic Devices

by N Vainos
Released July 2012
Publisher(s): Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 9780857096227

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Book description

The use of lasers in the processing of electronic and photonic material is becoming increasingly widespread, with technological advances reducing costs and increasing both the quality and range of novel devices which can be produced. Laser growth and processing of photonic devices is the first book to review this increasingly important field.

Part one investigates laser-induced growth of materials and surface structures, with pulsed laser deposition techniques, the formation of nanocones and the fabrication of periodic photonic microstructures explored in detail. Laser-induced three-dimensional micro- and nano-structuring are the focus of part two. Exploration of multiphoton lithography, processing and fabrication is followed by consideration of laser-based micro- and nano-fabrication, laser-induced soft matter organization and microstructuring, and laser-assisted polymer joining methods. The book concludes in part three with an investigation into laser fabrication and manipulation of photonic structures and devices. Laser seeding and thermal processing of glass with nanoscale resolution, laser-induced refractive index manipulation, and the thermal writing of photonic devices in glass and polymers are all considered.

With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Laser growth and processing of photonic devices is an essential tool for all materials scientists, engineers and researchers in the microelectronics industry.

  • The first book to review the increasingly important field of laser growth and processing of photonic devices
  • Investigates laser-induced growth of materials and surface structures, pulsed laser deposition techniques, the formation of nanocones and the fabrication of periodic photonic microstructures
  • Examines laser-induced three-dimensional micro- and nano-structuring and concludes with an investigation into laser fabrication and manipulation of photonic structures and devices

Table of contents

  1. Cover image
  2. Title page
  3. Table of Contents
  4. Copyright
  5. Contributor contact details
  6. Dedication
  7. Woodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical Materials
  8. Preface
  9. Chapter 1: Laser growth and processing of photonic structures: an overview of fundamentals, interaction phenomena and operations
    1. Abstract:
    2. 1.1 Laser processing concepts and processes: an introduction
    3. 1.2 Laser radiation, propagation and delivery
    4. 1.3 Summary of the interactions of laser radiation with condensed matter
    5. 1.4 Radiation absorption and energy transfer
    6. 1.5 Materials processing phenomena: appraisal of energy dependencies
    7. 1.6 Laser-based materials processing for photonics
    8. 1.7 Specific laser processing schemes for photonics applications
    9. 1.8 A suite of emerging concepts driving future trends
    10. 1.9 Acknowledgements
  10. Part I: Laser-induced growth of materials and surface structures
    1. Chapter 2: Emerging pulsed laser deposition techniques
      1. Abstract:
      2. 2.1 Current state-of-the-art in pulsed laser deposition (PLD)
      3. 2.2 Problems for growth of thick films and designer refractive index profiles
      4. 2.3 Multi-beam PLD
      5. 2.4 Use of three different targets: combinatorial growth
      6. 2.5 Future work in complex PLD geometries
      7. 2.6 Conclusions
      8. 2.7 Acknowledgements
    2. Chapter 3: The formation of nanocones on the surface of semiconductors by laser-induced self-assembly
      1. Abstract:
      2. 3.1 Introduction
      3. 3.2 Experiments and discussion
      4. 3.3 Two-stage mechanism of nanocones formation in semiconductors
      5. 3.4 Applications in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics
      6. 3.5 Conclusions
      7. 3.6 Acknowledgements
    3. Chapter 4: Fabrication of periodic photonic microstructures by the interference of ultrashort pulse laser beams
      1. Abstract:
      2. 4.1 Review of periodic photonic devices induced by the interference of ultrashort pulse laser beams
      3. 4.2 Theoretical aspects of the interference of ultrashort pulse laser beams
      4. 4.3 Microstructures induced by the interference of two femtosecond laser beams
      5. 4.4 Microstructures induced by the interference of multiple femtosecond laser beams
      6. 4.5 Transfer of periodic microstructures by the interference of femtosecond laser beams
      7. 4.6 Conclusions and future trends
  11. Part II: Laser-induced three-dimensional micro- and nano-structuring
    1. Chapter 5: Multiphoton lithography, processing and fabrication of photonic structures
      1. Abstract:
      2. 5.1 Introduction to multiphoton lithography
      3. 5.2 Principles of multiphoton absorption and lithography
      4. 5.3 Materials for multiphoton lithography
      5. 5.4 Applications of multiphoton lithography in photonics
      6. 5.5 Future prospects for multiphoton lithography in photonics
    2. Chapter 6: Laser-based micro- and nano-fabrication of photonic structures
      1. Abstract:
      2. 6.1 Introduction and motivation
      3. 6.2 Fabrication of 2D and 3D photonic micro-structures
      4. 6.3 Laser lithography for the fabrication of photonic structures
      5. 6.4 Laser lithography based on one-, two- or multiple-photon absorption
      6. 6.5 Material modification aspects
      7. 6.6 Device design, fabrication and applications
      8. 6.7 Conclusions and future trends
    3. Chapter 7: Laser-induced soft matter organization and microstructuring of photonic materials
      1. Abstract:
      2. 7.1 Introduction
      3. 7.2 The origin of radiation forces
      4. 7.3 Organization of entangled polymers and hybrids by laser radiation
      5. 7.4 Organization and microfabrication by radiation forces: an emerging technology
      6. 7.5 Conclusions and future prospects
      7. 7.6 Acknowledgments
      8. 7.8 Appendix
    4. Chapter 8: Laser-assisted polymer joining methods for photonic devices
      1. Abstract:
      2. 8.1 Introduction
      3. 8.2 Properties of benzocyclobutene (BCB) polymers for photonic applications
      4. 8.3 BCB as a planarization material for fabrication of semiconductor photonic devices
      5. 8.4 Laser-assisted polymer bonding for assembly of photonic and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices
      6. 8.5 Laser microwelding for assembly of periodic photonic structures
      7. 8.6 Conclusions
  12. Part III: Laser fabrication and manipulation of photonic structures and devices
    1. Chapter 9: Laser seeding and thermal processing of glass with nanoscale resolution
      1. Abstract:
      2. 9.1 Introduction
      3. 9.2 The regeneration process
      4. 9.3 Estimating the retention of nanoscale information in regenerated grating structures
      5. 9.4 Conclusions
      6. 9.5 Acknowledgements
    2. Chapter 10: Femtosecond-laser-induced refractive index modifications for photonic device processing
      1. Abstract:
      2. 10.1 Introduction
      3. 10.2 Ultrafast laser interactions with dielectric materials
      4. 10.3 Refractive index modification mechanisms
      5. 10.4 Photonic device processing
      6. 10.5 Photonic devices
      7. 10.6 Conclusions
    3. Chapter 11: Thermal writing of photonic devices in glass and polymers by femtosecond lasers
      1. Abstract:
      2. 11.1 Introduction
      3. 11.2 Femtosecond laser–material interaction in waveguide writing
      4. 11.3 Femtosecond laser waveguide writing in glasses
      5. 11.4 Waveguide writing in polymers
      6. 11.5 Conclusions
      7. 11.6 Future trends
    4. Chapter 12: Laser processing of optical fibers: new photosensitivity findings, refractive index engineering and surface structuring
      1. Abstract:
      2. 12.1 Introduction and historical overview
      3. 12.2 Glass photosensitivity using laser beams
      4. 12.3 Correlation of underlying photosensitivity mechanisms with refractive index changes
      5. 12.4 Types of photosensitivity in optical fibers
      6. 12.5 Grating fabrication in standard, germanosilicate optical fibers
      7. 12.6 Grating fabrication in standard, all-silica optical fibers
      8. 12.7 Grating fabrication in phosphate and fluoride glass fibers
      9. 12.8 Microstructured optical fiber (MOF) gratings
      10. 12.9 Laser machining of optical fibers
      11. 12.10 Future trends and prospects
      12. 12.11 Conclusions
      13. 12.12 Acknowledgments
  13. Index

Product information

  • Title: Laser Growth and Processing of Photonic Devices
  • Author(s): N Vainos
  • Release date: July 2012
  • Publisher(s): Woodhead Publishing
  • ISBN: 9780857096227