Neural network foundations

Neural networks provide the foundations for some of the most impressive AI/ML algorithms that we have seen in recent years. They have also become the cornerstone or standard for several areas of AI, from image and speech recognition to playing Atari games. This sounds really intimidating, but actually, a neural network is a quite a simple and elegant structure modeled after our own human brain. The foundation of our brain and nervous system is a single neuron, shown in the following image beside a simulated computer neuron:

A neuron

The simulated neuron in the preceding diagram represents the structure of a single ...

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