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Basic Lean Concepts and
Tools– Assessment and Analyze
Time waste differs from material waste in that there can be no salvage. The easiest of all wastes and
the hardest to correct is the waste of time, because wasted time does not litter the oor likewasted
material…
—Henry Ford, 1926
The next letter in our BASICS model is A, which stands for Assess/Analyze. The main tools that
make up this analysis are Product Process Flow analysis (PFA), full work/operator analysis (WFA),
and changeover reduction. The goal of these tools is to uncover the obvious and less obvious waste.
This process of nding waste theoretically never ends.
So let’s talk about ...