11.3. Redundancy and single points of failure
The typical application solution, which consists of hardware and software, has a multitude of parts that all have some failure rate. A single point of failure (SPOF) is that part of a solution, that if it fails, makes the entire solution no longer available. A typical high-availability design focuses on both the availability characteristics of its parts, as well as assuring the continuous availability the face of individual part failures.
Redundancy, having appropriate spare parts available for use, is one design technique used to address single points of failure.[13] Of course, only those with extremely large budgets can afford to have one or more instances of every resource. So the challenge in ...
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