
Using Theoretical Frameworks as Interpretive Lenses ◾ 33
1620
Mayflower Compact
Collaborative Tradition
1776
Declaration of
Independence
Collaborative Tradition
1788
Constitution
Constitutional Tradition
1960s
New Public Administration
Discretionary Tradition
1980s
Refounding
Discretionary Tradition
2000s
Transformational
Administration
Collaborative Tradition
1778
Articles of Confederation
Collaborative Tradition
1880
Reform Era Founding of PA
Discretionary Tradition
1980s
New Public Management
Discretionary Tradition
1990s
New Public Service
Collaborative Tradition*
Figure 3.1 Public administration theory timeline.