The Constitutional Tradition—Bureaucratic Accountability ◾ 99
5. e oce itself demands full- time commitment of the manager, regardless of
time obligations in the workplace.
6. e oce dictates stable, exhaustive rules that can be learned, including tech-
nical knowledge, jurisprudence, and administrative management.
Following from this, the principles of administration believed to be necessary
for ecient production in large scale, highly technical activities are specialization
or division of labor; hierarchy of authority and systems of control; rules and pro-
cedures to ensure uniformity; neutrality or disinterestedness; and placement based
on merit or skill (Blau and Meyer 1999). e classic explication of bureaucratic
organization i