THE ACCIDENTAL PIONEER

How a neurophysiologist’s experiments in brain behavior created the first autonomous robots.

BY GARETH BRANWYN

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Photography by Larry Burrows / Time & Life Pictures / Getty Images

The photo shows a hipster with a goatee smoking a cigarette, watching his pet robots navigate his mod living room. An earlier video shows the man and his wife laughing and playing with their two bots, Elmer and Elsie, as the two machines interact with each other, navigating the room and obstacles, one of them driving into its little recharging “hutch” on the floor.

Fig. A: Elsie seeking the bright light of her charging station, April 1950. Sign ...

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