17 Leadership
Eduardo Missoni*
17.1 Introduction
Introducing a chapter on leadership in a book on the management of international institutions (IIs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), we immediately need to differentiate between two concepts:
- Leadership as the role of the executive who guides or directs an organization or an important component of it (i.e., the CEO, the Secretary General, and the Director), a subject that, in relation to international organizations (IOs), scholars have widely neglected (Hall and Woods 2018), and
- Leadership as the attribute, i.e., the ability of an individual or a group of individuals to influence and guide followers or other members of an organization (Adair 2005).
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