© The Author(s), under exclusive license to APress Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024
H. H. WardMastering Analog ElectronicsMaker Innovations Serieshttps://doi.org/10.1007/979-8-8688-0245-4_8

8. The Beginnings of the Operational Amplifier

Hubert Henry Ward1  
(1)
Leigh, UK
 

In this chapter, we will look at the long-tailed pair, sometimes referred to as the differential amplifier. We will look at the two main uses of the differential amplifier and learn about the term CMRR, common mode rejection ratio. We will study a simple constant current source and the current mirror circuit.

The Differential Amplifier

There will be many occasions when we need to amplify the difference between two voltages, such as when we are measuring the output of some transducer, ...

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