Now, let's refactor the threadProc function and synchronize the critical section that modifies and accesses the balance. We need a locking mechanism that will only allow one thread to either read or write the balance. The C++ thread support library offers an apt lock called mutex. The mutex lock is an exclusive lock that will only allow one thread to operate the critical section code within the same process boundary. Until the thread that has acquired the lock releases the mutex lock, all other threads will have to wait for their turn. Once a thread acquires the mutex lock, the thread can safely access the shared resource.
The main.cpp file can be refactored as follows; the changes are highlighted in bold:
#include <iostream> ...
