
64-1
64.1 Introduction
is chapter reviews the origins, principles, and designs of instrumentation used in biopotential
me
asurements,
in pa
rticular
fo
r
th
e
el
ectrocardiogram
(E
CG),
th
e
el
ectroencephalogram
(E
EG),
th
e
electromyogram (EMG), and the electrooculogram (EOG). ese biopotentials represent the activity
of the respective organs: the heart, brain, muscle, and eyes. e biopotentials are acquired with the
help of specialized electrodes that interface to the organ or the body and transduce low-noise, artifact-
free signals. e basic design of a biopotential amplier consists of an instrumentation amplier. e
amplier should possess se