Introduction

Numerical simulation is a central tool in the design of new human artifacts. This is particularly true in the present decades due to the difficult challenge of climate evolution. Yet recently climatic constraints were simply translated into the need for further progress in reducing pollution, a big job, in particular for specialists of numerical simulation. Today, it is likely that the use of numerical simulation, and particularly computational mechanics, will be central to the study of a new generation of human artefacts related to energy and transport. Fortunately, these new constraints are contemporary with the rise of a remarkable maturity of numerical simulation methods. One sign of this maturity is the flourishing of mesh adaptation. Indeed, mesh adaptation is now able to solve in a seamless way the deviation between theoretical physics and numerical physics, managed by the computer after discretization. A practical manifestation of this is that the engineer is freed from taking care of the mesh(es) needed for analysis and design. A second effect of mesh adaptation is an important reduction of energy consumption in computations, which will be amplified by the use of so-called higher order approximations. Mesh adaptation is thus the source of a new generation of more powerful numerical tools. This revolution will affect a generation of conceptualizers, numerical analysts and users, who are the engineers in design teams.

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