Chapter 12. Mixers
Chapter Outline
12.1 Introduction
In communication systems, a mixer is frequently used as a building block for the frequency translation of an input signal. The mixer’s basic operation can be best understood using a multiplier. Figure 12.1 shows a mixer based on the multiplier operation. The intermediate frequency (IF) output is obtained by multiplying two input signals, the RF and the local oscillator (LO), and it can be expanded as shown in Equation (12.1).
Figure 12.1 Mixer signals ...
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