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Microwave Engineering
book

Microwave Engineering

by Ahmad Shahid Khan
May 2014
Intermediate to advanced content levelIntermediate to advanced
800 pages
24h 50m
English
CRC Press
Content preview from Microwave Engineering
568 Microwave Engineering
13.8.2 Types of Masers
These can be classied into (i) atomic beam masers which include ammonia
maser, free electron maser and hydrogen maser, (ii) gas masers which include
rubidium maser and (iii) solid-state masers which include Ruby maser. Some
of these masers are described below:
13.8.2.1 Ammonia Maser
These masers use ammonia (NH
3
) gas as working material. Since ammo-
nia molecules are already distributed in two different (E
1
and E
3
) levels, no
pumping is required. With the help of a dc magnetic eld the higher energy
molecules are focused into a microwave cavity resonator. The frequency
of this resonator corresponds to natural frequency of ammonia molecules.
Inside this cavity there will be downward t
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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9781466591417