Misinformation Matters

Table of contents

1. Cover Page
2. Half Title page
3. Title Page
4. Copyright Page
5. Contents
6. Preface
7. About the Authors
8. 1 Introduction
   1. Online Platforms’ Existential Crisis
   2. Economic Impact of Misinformation
   3. Falsehood Travels Fast
   4. The Algorithmic Age
   5. Computationalism
   6. Notes
9. 2 Background
   1. A Brief History of Falsehood Propagation
      1. The Invention of the Printing Press and (Mis)information Propagation
      2. From Mass Media to Fragmented Media
      3. Social Media’s Turn from Democracy to Authoritarianism
      4. Propaganda
      5. Crisis Discipline
   2. Note
10. 3 A Philosophical Approach
    1. Facts, Belief, Opinion and Truth
       1. Leibniz and Frege on “Truth” and “Fact”
       2. Checking for “Truth” and “Fact” Online through Analysis
    2. Decision and Action
       1. William James’ Live/Dead Hypotheses
       2. W.V. Quine on Two Dogmas Obstructing Pragmatism
       3. Bertrand Russell’s Scepticism
       4. Frank Ramsey’s Principle
       5. The Connection between Wittgenstein and Ramsey
    3. Philosophy of Information
       1. Our Own Model
    4. Note
11. 4 Interventions
    1. Content Moderation
    2. Behavioural Nudges
    3. Information Quality Ranking versus Algorithmic Ranking
       1. How Facebook’s News Feed Works (Facebook 2021)
       2. Twitter’s Switch to Algorithmic Ranking of Content
       3. Vanity Metrics and Quality Metrics
       4. Bridging-Based Ranking of Content
       5. Algorithmic Choice
    4. Receptive Reading and Participatory Restraint
    5. Media/Information/News/Digital Literacy
    6. Natural Language Processing, AI and Misinformation Prevention
       1. GPT-3 Language Model
12. 5 Analysing the Problem
    1. Origins of Modern Logic and Language Processing Systems
       1. The Chomsky-Norvig Debate
       2. AI Limitations and Prospects
    2. Father of the Information Age
    3. Information Quality Theory
    4. Free Speech and the Harm Principle
       1. The Harm Principle 2.0
       2. Free Speech, Free Reach, Free Expression and Free Impression
    5. The Misinformation Challenge
       1. A Systems Approach to Misinformation Analysis
    6. Misinformation and Malinformation
    7. Off-information and Non-information
    8. Wittgenstein’s Approach
       1. The Key Theses in Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
    9. Notes
13. 6 The Global Online Information Quality Check Model
    1. How Does This Analytical Model Work?
       1. We Foresee Three Ways of Using Our Proposed Model
14. 7 Conclusion
15. Appendix Detailed Survey Questions and Results
    1. Survey Question 1
    2. Survey Question 2
    3. Survey Question 3
    4. Survey Question 4
    5. Survey Question 5
    6. Survey Question 6
    7. Survey Question 7
    8. Survey Question 8
    9. Survey Question 9
    10. Survey Question 10
16. Glossary of Terms
17. Bibliography
18. Further Reading
    1. A Misinformation Prevention Reading List
       1. I. Books
       2. II. Reports/Monographs/Manuals/Government Documents
       3. III. Papers/Articles
       4. IV. Blog Posts/Opinion
       5. V. More Advanced Material
19. Index