
132 ◾ Mobile Enterprise Transition and Management
main standards for 3G are wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and CDMA2000. Both
standards use direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) in a 5-MHz bandwidth.
e technical differences between these two standards include their different
chip rate, frame time, spectrum used, and time synchronization mechanism. e
WCDMA system can internetwork with GSM networks and is strongly supported
by the European Union, which calls it the Universal Mobile Telecommunications
System (UMTS). CDMA2000 is backward compatible with IS-95, which is widely
deployed in the United States.
When converting a GSM to a UMTS, the technology ...