
172 ◾ Mobile Evolution: Insights on Connectivity and Service
building-blocks provide an exposure of standardized network interfaces to third-party applica-
tion development communities. e collective space of the social web at the application layer,
and the objects of the physical world, such as sensors, appliances, transducers, mobile devices,
etc. at the Internet layer, is referred to as the Web of ings.* e notion of IoT is subsumed
within the umbrella of the Web of ings, and is representative of the web of life in a technology-
mediated sense. In this paradigm, the objects of the physical world are virtually characterized
over applicat