Chapter 40

Trees: Meeting the Social, Economic and Environmental Needs of Poor Farmers—Scoring Sustainable Development Goals: An Update

R.R.B. Leakey

Abstract

This final chapter emphasises that African smallholders currently operate as self-sufficient units virtually outside the cash economy, calling into question the wisdom of trying to impose economies of scale. Thus a different, multidimensional mindset is proposed - one based on the resilience and total productivity of multifunctional, socially appropriate interventions involving multiple-output mixed-cropping systems with few external inputs. This probably calls for a deeper multidisciplinary understanding of the techniques and policies required to achieve production efficiencies and to maximise ...

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