4.3. Dispersion of Flammable Gases
When using CFD simulation for an accidental flammable material release, the gas cloud distribution can be accurately calculated; specifically, the upper flammability limit (UFL) and the lower flammability limit (LFL) fronts are predicted (see Figure 4.10). The UFL and LFL are the important parameters needed to calculate the exclusion distance, which is determined by one half of the LFL, to protect the public from being reached by flammable vapor and other possible consequences such as flash fire and VCE during an accidental release. This information is also valuable regarding detection (i.e., distribution and arrangement of gas detectors); mitigation (i.e., the use of water curtains); and in emergency response ...
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