20 Covering of SU(2) and Quantum Lattices
A central question in quantum computing is how elements of 
(the collection of 
unitary matrices with determinant 
) can be approximated by a small set of “generators”. A classical bit is the basic unit of information used in classical computing, which has the states 1 or 0 [97]. Quantum computing extends this concept using the notion of quantum bits. Dirac notation is used to denote the basic states 
and 
. Then a quantum bit, or qubit, is a pair of complex numbers 
which correspond to the probability of the qubit being in the states 
or 
. Thus, the quantum bit is represented as . Since and represent the probability of the qubit being in a particular ...
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