book

Networking Bible

Name: Networking Bible
Author: Barrie Sosinsky
ISBN: 9780470431313

by Barrie Sosinsky

September 2009

Intermediate to advanced

912 pages

25h 20m

English

Wiley

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Copyright
About the Author
Credits
Acknowledgments
Introduction
1. Network Basics
1. Networking Introduction
1.1. Defining Computer Networking1.2. Network Type Overview1.3. Transmission Types1.3.1. Point-to-point communication1.3.2. Broadcast communication1.4. Topologies1.4.1. Physical topologies1.4.1.1. Bus systems1.4.1.2. Star networks1.4.1.3. Rings1.4.1.4. Mesh networks1.4.1.5. Trees or hierarchical networks1.4.2. Hybrid topologies1.4.3. Logical topologies1.4.3.1. Logical daisy chain topology1.4.3.2. Logical star topology1.4.3.3. Logical mesh topology1.5. Summary
2. The Network Stack
2.1. Standard Development Organizations2.2. The OSI Reference Model2.3. How Layers Communicate2.4. The Physical Layer2.5. The Data Link Layer2.6. The Network Layer2.7. The Transport Layer2.8. The Session Layer2.9. The Presentation Layer2.10. The Application Layer2.11. The TCP/IP Reference Model2.12. Comparing the OSI and TCP/IP Reference Models2.13. Summary
3. Architecture and Design
3.1. Network Architecture and Topology3.1.1. Point-to-point3.1.1.1. Physical point-to-point connections3.1.1.2. Virtual point-to-point connections3.1.1.3. Packet switched or transient connections3.1.1.4. Switched connections3.2. Switched and Packet Networks3.3. Bus Architectures3.3.1. Network segments3.3.2. Collision domains3.3.3. Signal termination3.4. Connection Points3.5. Peer-to-Peer Networks3.6. Client-Server Networks3.7. Multi-Tiered Networks3.8. Thin Client/Server3.8.1. Terminal servers3.8.2. X Window networks3.9. Summary
4. Network Discovery and Mapping
4.1. Network Discovery4.1.1. Node advertisement4.1.2. Browsing4.1.3. Polling4.1.4. Connections4.2. Simple Network Management Protocol4.3. Windows Management Instrumentation4.4. Mapping4.5. Summary

5. Bandwidth and Throughput
5.1. Bandwidth and Capacity5.1.1. Beads flow through a pipe of syrup5.1.2. Signaling5.1.3. Bandwidth5.1.4. Sampling theory5.2. Multiplexing5.2.1. Time Division Multiplexing5.2.2. Frequency Division Multiplexing5.2.3. Other multiplexing technologies5.3. Flow Control5.4. Traffic Engineering5.4.1. Packet shaping5.4.2. Leaky Bucket algorithm5.4.3. Token Bucket algorithm5.5. Quality of Service5.6. Summary
2. Hardware
6. Servers and Systems
6.1. Network Server Types6.2. Capacity and Loading6.2.1. Three approaches6.2.2. Solution frameworks6.2.2.1. Microsoft Operations Framework6.2.2.2. Microsoft Solutions Framework6.3. Server and Systems Sizing6.3.1. Defining levels of service6.3.1.1. Response time6.3.1.2. Throughput6.3.1.3. Availability6.3.1.4. Reliability6.3.1.5. Scalability6.3.1.6. Adaptability6.3.1.7. Security6.3.2. Quantifying performance6.3.2.1. Performance relationships6.3.2.2. Eliminating bottlenecks6.3.2.3. Network modeling6.3.3. Server upgrades6.4. Summary
7. The Network Interface
7.1. What Is a Network Interface?7.1.1. Physical network interfaces7.1.2. Logical network interfaces7.2. Network Addressing7.2.1. Physical addresses7.2.2. Logical addresses7.3. Configuring Network Interfaces7.4. Bindings and Providers7.5. Isolation and Routing7.5.1. Physical isolation7.5.2. Protocol isolation7.6. Bus Interfaces for NICs7.6.1. A sample network adapter7.6.2. Network drivers7.7. Summary
8. Transport Media
8.1. Wired Media8.1.1. Wiring the physical plant8.1.2. Twisted pair8.1.3. Coaxial cable8.1.4. Ethernet wiring8.1.5. Fiber-optic cable8.1.5.1. Attenuation and dispersal8.1.5.2. Physical description8.1.5.3. Fiber-optic networks8.2. Wireless8.2.1. Electromagnetic radiation8.2.2. Information and transmission8.2.3. Wireless connections8.2.3.1. Radio links8.2.3.2. Microwave links8.3. Summary
9. Routing, Switching, and Bridging
9.1. Circuit versus Packet Switching9.2. Layer 1 and Layer 2 Connection Devices9.2.1. Passive hubs9.2.2. Repeaters9.3. Switches9.4. Bridges9.5. Routers9.5.1. Control plane9.5.2. Forwarding plane9.5.3. Routing topologies9.5.4. Optimization methods9.5.5. Distance vector routing9.5.5.1. The Bellman-Ford algorithm9.5.5.2. Count-to-infinity9.5.5.3. Routing Information Protocol9.5.5.4. Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector Routing9.5.6. Link state routing9.5.6.1. Dijkstra's algorithm9.5.6.2. Open Shortest Path First9.5.6.3. Intermediate System to Intermediate System Routing9.5.7. Path vector routing9.5.7.1. A path vector example9.5.7.2. The Border Gateway Protocol9.5.8. Network loops9.5.9. The Spanning Tree Protocol9.5.9.1. Node/bridge hierarchy9.5.9.2. Network segment costs9.5.9.3. Dynamic optimization9.5.9.4. Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol9.6. Onion Routers9.6.1. Tor9.6.2. Tor clients9.6.3. Hidden services9.7. Gateways9.8. Summary
3. Network Types
10. Home Networks
10.1. Features of a Home Network10.2. Broadband Connections10.3. Wireless Connections10.4. Wired Connections10.4.1. Ethernet10.4.2. Phone lines10.4.3. Power over Ethernet10.4.4. HomePlug Powerline10.4.4.1. HomePlug modulation10.4.4.2. Frames and sequences10.4.4.3. Security10.5. Home Network Servers10.6. Summary
11. Peer-to-Peer Networks and Personal LANs
11.1. Peer-to-Peer Networks11.1.1. Pure P2P networks11.1.1.1. Small world networks11.1.1.2. Gnutella11.1.1.3. Freenet11.1.2. Hybrid P2P systems11.1.2.1. Napster11.1.2.2. Torrents11.2. Friend-to-Friend Networks11.3. Bus Networking11.3.1. Universal serial bus11.3.2. FireWire11.3.3. Bluetooth11.3.3.1. Connections11.3.3.2. Profiles11.4. Summary
12. Local Area Networking
12.1. Introduction12.1.1. The IEEE 802 LAN standards12.1.2. Broadcast channels12.2. Ethernet12.2.1. Ethernet frames12.2.1.1. Frame structure12.2.1.2. Burst mode12.2.1.3. VLAN frames12.2.2. Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection12.2.3. Full-duplex operation12.3. Token Ring Networks12.4. Fiber Distributed Data Interface Networks12.5. Automation Networks12.5.1. X10 and home automation12.5.2. Process control systems12.5.2.1. Modbus12.5.2.2. BACnet and LonTalk12.5.2.3. OPC12.6. Summary
13. Wide Area Networks and Backbones
13.1. What Is a WAN?13.2. Circuit Switching Networks13.2.1. The Public Switched Telephone Network13.2.2. Integrated Services Digital Network13.2.3. Digital Subscriber Line13.2.4. Cable network13.3. T- and E-Carrier Networks13.4. Synchronous Optical Networking13.4.1. SONET architecture13.4.2. Framing13.4.3. Packet over SONET13.5. Packet Switching Networks13.6. X.25 Networks13.7. Switched Multi-megabit Data Services13.8. Asynchronous Transfer Mode13.9. Frame Relay13.10. Multi Protocol Label Switching13.11. The Internet and Internet213.11.1. Internet Exchange Points13.11.2. Internet213.12. Summary
14. Wi-Fi Networks
14.1. Wireless Networking14.1.1. Wi-Fi networks14.2. IEEE 802.11x Standards14.2.1. 802.11 legacy14.2.2. 802.11y14.2.3. Modulation14.2.3.1. Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum14.2.3.2. Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum14.2.3.3. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing14.2.4. 802.11 protocol14.2.4.1. Collision avoidance14.2.4.2. 802.11 frame structure14.2.4.3. Connection example14.3. Wireless Access Points and Gateways14.3.1. Repeaters and bridges14.3.2. Wireless Distribution System14.4. Wireless Routers and Gateways14.4.1. Router configuration14.4.2. Router upgrades14.5. OLPC XO Wireless Network14.6. Antennas14.6.1. Antenna characteristics14.6.2. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output14.7. Wireless Software14.8. Security14.8.1. Wired Equivalent Privacy14.8.2. Wi-Fi Protected Access14.9. Summary
15. Storage Networking
15.1. Storage Networking15.2. Storage Network Types15.3. SANs versus NAS15.3.1. Business Continuance Volumes15.3.2. Storage virtualization15.4. The Shared Storage Networking Model15.4.1. The shared tape extension15.4.2. The Storage Domain15.4.3. Aggregation15.4.4. Device models15.5. Fibre Channel Networks15.5.1. Fibre Channel standards15.5.2. Port designations15.5.3. The Fibre Channel Protocol15.5.3.1. Fibre Channel traffic management15.5.3.2. Fibre Channel flow control15.5.4. Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loops15.5.5. Fibre Channel Switched fabrics15.5.5.1. Fibre Channel addressing15.5.5.2. Zoning15.6. Storage over IP15.6.1. iSCSI protocol15.6.2. Fibre Channel over IP15.6.3. Internet Fibre Channel Protocol15.7. Storage Area Network Management15.7.1. Internet Storage Name Service15.8. Summary
16. High-Speed Interconnects
16.1. High-Performance Computing16.2. Beyond Gigabit Ethernet16.2.1.16.2.1.1. 10GBase-T16.2.1.2. Higher-Speed Gigabit Ethernet16.3. TCP Offloading Engines16.4. Zero Copy Networks16.4.1. Virtual Interface Architecture16.4.2. InfiniBand16.5. Network Clusters16.5.1. Load balancing16.5.2. Grid systems16.6. Summary
4. TCP/IP Networking
17. Internet Transport Protocol
17.1. Transmission Control Protocol17.2. Packet Structure17.2.1. Header fields17.2.2. Flags17.2.3. Checksum field17.2.4. Control fields17.2.5. Data field17.3. Protocol Operation17.4. Connections17.5. Flow Control17.5.1. Sliding windows17.5.2. Congestion control17.5.3. Multiplexing17.6. User Datagram Protocol17.7. Ports17.8. Problems with TCP17.9. Summary
18. The Internet Protocols
18.1. Internet Protocol Overview18.2. Internet Protocol Version 418.2.1. Addressing18.2.1.1. Dividing the namespace18.2.1.1.1. Classes18.2.1.1.2. Classless Inter-Domain Routing18.2.1.1.3. Regional Internet Registries18.2.1.2. Reserved addresses18.2.1.3. Zero Configuration addressing18.2.1.4. IP datagrams18.3. Subnetting18.4. Setting an IP Address18.4.1. Static addressing18.4.2. Dynamic addressing18.5. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol18.5.1. Configuration18.5.2. Securing DHCP18.5.3. Bootstrap Protocol18.6. Internet Control Message Protocol18.7. Internet Protocol Version 618.7.1. Addressing18.7.1.1. IPv6 compressed notation18.7.1.2. IPv6 calculators18.7.1.3. Dual-stack IPv6/IPv4 addresses18.7.1.4. Address scopes and zones18.7.2. IPv6 datagrams18.7.3. IPv6 Neighbor Discovery18.7.4. ICMPv618.8. Summary
19. Name Resolution Services
19.1. HOSTS Files19.2. Address Resolution Protocol19.2.1. ARP requests19.2.2. Reverse Address Resolution Protocol19.2.3. Viewing the ARP cache19.3. Network Basic Input/Output System19.4. Windows Internet Name Service19.5. Domain Name System19.5.1. DNS requests19.5.2. DNS topology19.5.3. Resource records19.6. Name Resolution versus Directory Services19.7. Summary
5. Applications and Services
20. Network Operating Systems
20.1. What Is a Network Operating System20.1.1. Protocols and services20.1.2. General versus Special-Purpose NOS20.2. NOS Systems and Software20.2.1. UNIX20.2.1.1. POSIX20.2.1.2. STREAMS and sockets20.2.1.3. Single UNIX specification20.2.2. Linux20.2.2.1. Distributions20.2.2.2. LAMP20.2.2.3. Linux Standard Base20.2.3. Solaris20.2.4. Novell NetWare and Open Enterprise Server20.2.5. Windows Server20.3. Summary
21. Domains and Directory Services
21.1. Directory Services and Domains21.1.1. Banyan VINES21.1.2. Domain types21.1.3. Interoperability21.2. Domain Servers21.3. Directory Services21.3.1. Synchronization and replication21.3.2. Single sign on21.3.3. Namespaces21.3.4. Policy engines21.3.5. Role-Based Access Control21.3.6. Identity management21.4. X.500 and LDAP21.4.1. Network Information Service21.4.2. LDAP servers21.4.3. LDAP Data Interchange Format21.4.4. Novell eDirectory21.4.5. Distinguished Names21.5. Microsoft Active Directory21.5.1. Replication21.6. Summary
22. File Services and Caching
22.1. Network Attached Storage22.1.1. Features22.1.2. NAS versus SAN22.1.3. Network file caching22.2. File Service Protocols22.2.1. Network File System22.2.2. Server Message Block/Common Internet File System22.3. Samba22.3.1. Samba security22.3.2. Samba name resolution and browse lists22.3.3. Samba on Ubuntu22.4. Distributed File System22.5. Summary
23. Web Services
23.1. The Hypertext Transfer Protocol23.1.1. HTTP requests23.1.2. HTTP status codes23.1.3. Static versus dynamic pages23.2. Web Services23.3. Service Oriented Architectures23.4. Summary
24. Mail Protocols
24.1. The Three Main Protocols24.1.1. Polled e-mail24.1.2. Push e-mail24.2. Message Parts24.3. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol24.3.1. Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions24.3.1.1. Base64 encoding24.3.1.2. MIME rendering24.4. Post Office Protocol24.4.1. Web mail clients24.5. Internet Message Access Protocol24.6. Mail Servers24.7. Setting Up a Mail Client24.8. Summary
25. Streaming Media
25.1. How Streaming Works25.1.1. Streaming versus progressive downloads25.1.2. Unicasting versus multicasting25.2. Streaming Protocols25.2.1. Real-Time Streaming Protocol25.2.2. Real-Time Transport Protocol25.2.3. Real-Time Control Protocol25.2.4. Synchronized Markup Integration Language25.2.5. Encoding25.3. Streaming Servers25.3.1. Streaming file formats25.3.2. Players25.3.3. Flash25.3.4. Silverlight25.4. Summary
26. Telephony and VoIP
26.1. Telephony26.2. Private Branch Exchange Systems26.2.1. Asterisk26.2.2. Cisco Unified Communications Manager26.2.3. Microsoft Response Point26.3. Voice over Internet Protocol26.3.1. Analog telephone adapters26.3.2. Internet Protocol phones26.3.3. VoIP protocols26.3.3.1. Skinny Call Control Protocol26.3.3.2. Real-Time Transport Protocol and Real-Time Transfer Control26.3.3.3. Session Traversal Utilities for NAT26.3.3.4. The H.323 Protocol26.3.3.5. Inter-Asterisk eXchange Protocol26.3.3.6. Media Gateway Control Protocol26.4. Computer Telephony Integration26.5. Video Telephony26.5.1. Mobile VoIP26.5.2. Webcams26.6. Summary
6. Network Security
27. Security Protocols and Services
27.1. Network Security Overview27.1.1. Network vulnerabilities27.1.2. The National Vulnerability Database27.1.3. Points of Attack27.1.4. Principles of secure network design27.2. Location Awareness and Network Access Protection27.3. Internet Security Protocols27.3.1. IPsec27.3.2. Transport Layer Security27.3.3. HTTPS27.4. Encryption and Cryptography27.4.1. Brute force and ignorance27.4.2. Symmetric key algorithms27.4.2.1. Block ciphers27.4.2.2. Stream ciphers27.4.2.3. Hash functions27.4.3. Asymmetric or public key algorithms27.4.4. Kerberos27.5. Summary
28. Firewalls, Gateways, and Proxy Servers
28.1. Firewalls28.1.1. Firewall features28.1.1.1. Personal firewalls28.1.1.2. Router firewalls28.1.1.3. Hardware firewalls28.1.1.4. Server firewalls28.1.1.5. Security gateways28.1.2. Network zones28.1.3. Stateless filters28.1.4. Stateful filters28.1.5. Application filters28.1.6. Deny by default28.1.7. Network Address Translation28.2. Proxy Servers28.2.1. Transparent proxy servers and honeypots28.2.2. Reverse proxy servers28.3. Summary
29. Virtual Private Networks
29.1. VPN Technologies29.1.1. VPN types29.1.2. VPN links29.1.3. Site-to-site topologies29.1.4. VPN hardware29.1.5. VPN software29.1.5.1. The Windows Server 2008 VPN Service29.1.5.2. The Vista client29.2. Encryption29.3. Tunneling29.4. Tunneling Protocols29.4.1. Generic Routing Encapsulation29.4.2. IPsec tunnels29.4.3. Secure Sockets Layer/Transport Layer Security29.4.4. Point-to-Point tunneling protocols29.4.4.1. Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol29.4.4.2. Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol29.4.4.3. Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol29.5. Summary
7. Network Management and Diagnostics
30. Network Management
30.1. The Importance of Network Management30.1.1. FCAPS30.1.2. Fault management30.1.2.1. Event log files30.1.2.2. Alarms30.1.2.3. Event correlation30.1.3. Configuration management30.1.3.1. Consoles30.1.3.2. Software lifecycles and deployments30.1.3.2.1. State 1. Systems are newly acquired and current.30.1.3.2.2. State 2. Systems are in inventory or to be deployed.30.1.3.2.3. State 3. Systems are aging and must be monitored.30.1.3.2.4. State 4. Systems require a patch or minor upgrade that must be applied.30.1.3.2.5. State 5. Systems are obsolete and must be significantly upgraded.30.1.3.2.6. State 6. Systems are obsolete and must be replaced.30.1.4. Accounting and administration30.1.5. Performance management30.1.6. Security management30.2. Network Management Software Categories30.3. Network Frameworks30.4. Summary
31. Network Diagnostic Commands
31.1. Network Diagnostics31.2. Network Commands31.2.1. Command line tools31.3. Network Shells31.3.1. The Windows NetShell31.3.2. Telnet sessions31.3.3. PowerShell31.4. Summary
32. Remote Access
32.1. Remote Access32.1.1. Remote connection protocols32.1.2. Remote access services32.1.3. Remote desktops32.2. RADIUS Servers32.2.1. RADIUS sessions32.2.2. RADIUS roaming32.2.3. The Diameter protocol32.3. Summary
A. TCP - UDP Port Assignments

Content preview from Networking Bible

Chapter 26. Telephony and VoIP

IN THIS CHAPTER

Telephone service and protocols
PBX telephone systems
VoIP
Computer telephony integration
Video telephony in action

Telephony is the marriage of computers and telephones, enabled by two different types of networks. Telephony covers a broad range of multimedia applications, including voice, video, business, and pleasure. It is always an area of great innovation and is supported natively in network operating systems by application programming interfaces, or APIs.

You can create a network of telephones using a Private Branch Exchange (PBX) System as a management server. PBXs can network with public switched telephone network (PSTN) telephones over phone lines or with IP-enabled phones over Ethernet. Two PBX server systems are considered in detail: the open source Asterisk system and Cisco Unified Communications Manager.

Voice over Internet Protocol, or VoIP, is a rapidly developing area of technology. VoIP can be implemented in software as a softphone, using IP phones, or by adapting an existing telephone using an Analog Telephone Adapter (ATA) to connect it to an IP network. This chapter discusses the properties of IP phones.

VoIP uses a special set of protocols to send and manage communications that are described in detail in this chapter. Session protocols include Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and Skinny Call Control Protocol (SCCP), and packets are often in Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) format. The problems with firewalls and NAT (Network ...

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Networking Bible

by Barrie Sosinsky

Chapter 26. Telephony and VoIP

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