TWO’S COMPLEMENT ARITHMETIC IN COMPLEX DIGITAL FILTERS
In previous chapters (for instance, see Chapter 5), we concentrated on the state space matrices of digital filters and worked on the assumption that the realizations were in the direct form. Since digital filters realized in the normal form are insensitive to quantization effects, they would be more useful from a practical point of view. Nonlinear behavior of digital filters realized in the normal form is now presented.
FIRST ORDER COMPLEX DIGITAL FILTERS
System model
Consider the following first order difference equation:
(8.1)
where a is a complex number, u(k) and y(k) are, respectively, ...
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