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3
Analysis of Data to Determine
Association and Agreement
The nonparametric procedures presented in this chapter allow researchers
to test for association, independence, or agreement among two or more vari-
ables. Association between two variables is a broader term for a relationship
between two variables. The term relationship is used with parametric data to
show a linear relationship between two continuous or ratio variables. The
term association is used generally to show any relationship. For all practical
purposes, there is no important difference between the two terms, and they
are often used interchangeably.
If you have ever taken a basic ...