
210 Nonparametric Statistics for Social and Behavioral Sciences
The one-sample sign test is based on the number of values above or below
a pre-specied value—usually the median. The median value may be based
on an empirical or theoretical basis discovered in the research or on a value
identied via a standardized test procedure. The versatility, ease of use, and
straightforward interpretation make the one-sample sign test a common tool
for test developers and other researchers. Another one-sample test that uses
dichotomous variables is the one-sample runs test for randomness. This test
is appropriate for determining whether a series of values ...