NTA UGC/NET/SET/JRF Political Science Paper 2 - 2024, 2nd Edition, Includes 2023 Solved Papers

CHAPTER 3

Socialism

INTRODUCTION

Socialism evolved in response to the social and economic conditions created in Europe by the expansion of industrial capitalism in the 19^th century. Socialism has traditionally been characterised as ideological opposition to capitalism and an endeavour to provide a more humanitarian and socially worthwhile alternative. The basic, and defining value of socialism is equality, particularly social equality. Robert Owen was the first to adopt the term Socialist in his Cooperative Magazine in 1827.

It is said that socialism is like a hat that has lost its shape because everyone wears it. There are numerous socialist models, and these models differ from country to country.

CENTRAL ARGUMENT OF SOCIALIST IDEOLOGY

1. According ...