
52 Operational Risk Control
than gross negligence. It is intention, with the actor bearing the consequences of his
act.
Another example is deceit. Deceit originally had a narrow meaning of swindling a
court in some way, and it has been one of the forms of abusing legal procedure. The
concept of deceit, however, has expanded over time. Still another example is
defamation. Lawyers say that no domain of litigation is more fertile than defamation.
Nor has any branch of legal practice been more perplexed with minute
distinctions.
When two or more people combine for inflicting unlawful injury upon another
person and cause damage to that person, they commit ...