in the single-mode output waveguide, whereas an odd multiple of relative
phase shift will produce an odd mode to be incident on the Y junction at the
output port. Such a mode is, however, the next higher order mode that is not
guided in the output single-mode wav eguide and thus will escape from this and
radiate away, hence achieving amplitude modu lation. From Eqn (7.11), we note
in passing that the required phase shift of is easier to achieve at shorter
wavelengths, everything else being equal.
In Section 7.3, the basics of high-speed modulation was reviewed, and here we
quote some references on some high-speed LiNbO
3
modulators.
In Ref. [13] the current status of LiNbO
3
external-modulator technology is
reviewed with emphasis on design, fabrication, ...