
networking over the past 5 years and that are likely to be the subject of further
studies over the next 5 years. We also want to point the reader to additional
reviews on the topic [27, 32–36]. On a more introductory level, optical modulation
formats are discussed in, e.g., [37–39]. The communication engineering back-
ground is covered in textbooks such as [40–42], and the background in optical
physics can be found in, e.g., [26, 43, 44]. A list of acronyms used in this chapter
can be found on pages 80-81.
2.2 COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING AND OPTICAL
COMMUNICATIONS
The broad field of communication engineering has developed a variety of
techniques that