have also spurred some interest in educational and government circles for band-
width-on-demand services or intera ctions among control planes to dynamically
adjust topologies across network layers. In these applications, the bandwidth
connections are truly massive and, for various distributed computer-to-computer
interface requirements, need to bypass typical data layer protocols as found in
commercial IP layer networks. These applications are of great scientific interest
and have spurred a whole academic field of integrated IP/DWDM network man-
agement and switching technologies (such as optical burst switching). And while
they will generate focused, dynamic, and high-bandwidth connections, these
applications have not been shown to generate muc