Photonic crystals can be viewed as an optical analog of semiconductors, in the sense
that they modify the propagation characteristics of light just as an atomic lattice mod-
ifies the properties of electrons through a bandgap structure. Photonic crystals with
embedded nonlinear impurities or made of a nonlinear material are called
nonlinear
photonic crystals,
and they create an ideal environment for the generation and obser-
vation of localized modes in the form of solitons. Such solitons can be viewed as an
extension of the concepts of the discrete and gap solitons to two (and even three) spatial ...
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