Real Detectors: Vacuum Photodiodes and Photomultipliers, Photoconductors, Junction Photodiodes, and Avalanche Photodiodes
The ideal photon detector we have discussed is an excellent model for many real detectors, except that we must consider in detail the expected capacitance, the frequency response, and the spectral behavior of the quantum efficiency. We first consider the vacuum photodiode and photomultiplier, the latter having adequate internal gain or electron multiplication such that amplifier noise is not a limiting factor. Unfortunately, the photoelectric effect used in such devices is only efficient at near-visible and shorter wavelengths and, beyond about a 1-μm wavelength, internal electron excitation in a semiconductor is ...
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