The basic principles of optics revolve around generation, propagation, manipulation, and detection of light. Most optical systems use one or more of these principles.
We are surrounded by optical systems and components, both natural and man-made. Almost all optical systems are made up of few basic building blocks. These are
1. A light source (e.g., sunlight, flashlight, or a laser)
2. A medium where light propagates, such as air, water, or glass
3. A medium or components to manipulate light, such a as a lens to focus it, a shutter or a “light switch” for communication, or a fiber-optic cable to guide light
4. A detector, such as the cones and rods on the retina, a photodetector array used in a digital ...
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