Book description
The role of optical instruments is very important and affects all areas of human activity, from scientific analysis (such as spectrometry) to recreation and leisure pursuits like photography and television. Optical components are often an essential part of the instrument, but are not always visible. It is therefore useful and important to understand how they work.
In this book the reader will find both a review of the most important components currently used, the theoretical foundation for their application, and an example of evolution. To do this, we first supply the basic knowledge in optics necessary for the understanding of the instruments: geometrical optics, photometry, colorimetry, image analysis and processing, as well as a short description of the sources used: lamps, lasers and semiconductor sources. Optical systems such as zoom lens under different illuminations are discussed. As a first example of application, the evolution of microscopy, up to the most recent technological progress, are given.
Table of contents
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Preface
- Chapter 1: Optics and Instruments
-
Chapter 2: Formation of Images
- 2.1. Introduction to optics
-
2.2. Study of a centered system under Gaussian conditions
- 2.2.1. Main elements of a centered system
- 2.2.2. Another form of the Lagrange-Helmoltz relation
- 2.2.3. Nodal points
- 2.2.4. Relation between the object and image space focal lengths — optical power
- 2.2.5. Cartesian and Newtonian equations
- 2.2.6. Longitudinal magnification
- 2.2.7. Association of centered systems
- 2.2.8. Spherical refractive surface
- 2.2.9. Lens
- 2.3. General facts about optical instruments
- 2.4. Geometric aberrations
- 2.5. Chromatic aberrations
- 2.6. Conclusion
- 2.7. Bibliography
-
Chapter 3: A Revision of Photometry and Radiometry
- 3.1. Introduction: the role of photometry and radiometry
- 3.2. The main parameters of an optical radiation
-
3.3. Relations between radiometric parameters of a radiation
- 3.3.1. General relations between geometric parameters
- 3.3.2. Particular case of radiations with uniform radiance
- 3.3.3. Relations between energetic, photonic and visual parameters
-
3.4. Some photometric properties of optical instruments
- 3.4.1. Conservation of the geometric extent of a beam in an optical medium and its transfer by an optical interface
- 3.4.2. Effects of refraction and reflection on radiance
- 3.4.3. A revision of instrumental optics
- 3.4.4. Photometry of an imaging system
- 3.4.5. Photometry of a “flux collector” instrument
- 3.5. Bibliography
-
Chapter 4: Light Sources for Optical Instruments
- 4.1. Generalities about sources
- 4.2. Emission light
- 4.3. Lamps
- 4.4. Lasers
- 4.5. Diodes
- 4.6. Remote sources and optical power supply
- 4.7. Bibliography
- Chapter 5: Colorimetry
-
Chapter 6: Bases for Image Analysis
- 6.1. Introduction
-
6.2. Classification of the image
- 6.2.1. Earliest tools for classification: thresholding, multi-thresholding, contour detection
- 6.2.2. Perspectives towards more complex tools
- 6.3. Interpretation of binary images
- 6.4. Gray level mathematical morphology
- 6.5. An example of a non-linear model: the LIP (Logarithmic Image Processing) model [JOU 01]
- 6.6. Conclusion
- 6.7. Bibliography
- Chapter 7: Optics for Imaging: Definition, Manufacturing, Applications
- Chapter 8: Optics for Images at Low Light Levels
-
Chapter 9: From the Classic Microscope to the Tunnel Effect Microscope
- 9.1. Introduction
- 9.2. Towards the limit of resolution. Aspects of the formation of images
- 9.3. The confocal microscope
- 9.4. Adaptive optics
- 9.5. Polarized light
- 9.6. Phase microscopies
- 9.7. Confined light microscopy techniques. Evanescent waves
- 9.8. Near-field local probe microscopy
- 9.9. Bibliography
- 9.10. Glossary of terms used
- List of Authors
- Index
Product information
- Title: Optics in Instruments
- Author(s):
- Release date: May 2011
- Publisher(s): Wiley
- ISBN: 9781848212435
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