December 2002
Intermediate to advanced
928 pages
85h 29m
English
Oracle waits for all users to voluntarily disconnect before shutting down the instance. This is the default.
Oracle summarily disconnects each user as soon as his current SQL statement completes. Open transactions are rolled back.
Oracle waits for each user to complete her current transaction and then disconnects her. Use LOCAL to wait for only local (as opposed to distributed) transactions.
All background processes for the instance are immediately aborted. Crash recovery will occur the next time the database is open or, if Oracle Parallel Server or Real Application Clusters is being used, one of the surviving instances will recover the one that was aborted.