book

Oracle PL/SQL for DBAs

by Arup Nanda, Steven Feuerstein

October 2005

Intermediate to advanced

454 pages

14h 44m

English

O'Reilly Media, Inc.

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1.2.1.1. Sections of the block1.2.1.2. Anonymous blocks
1.2.3.1. NULLs
1.2.4.1. String literals1.2.4.2. Numeric literals1.2.4.3. Boolean literals
1.2.6.1. Single-line comment syntax1.2.6.2. Multi-line comment syntax
1.3.1.1. Character data1.3.1.2. Numbers1.3.1.3. Dates, timestamps, and intervals1.3.1.4. Booleans1.3.1.5. Binary data1.3.1.6. ROWIDs1.3.1.7. REF CURSOR datatype1.3.1.8. Internet datatypes1.3.1.9. “Any” datatypes
1.3.2.1. Declaring a variable1.3.2.2. Declaring constants1.3.2.3. Anchored declarations
1.4.2.1. Simple CASE statement1.4.2.2. Searched CASE statement
1.6.2.1. RAISE statement1.6.2.2. Using RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR
1.6.3.1. Built-in error functions1.6.3.2. Unhandled exceptions1.6.3.3. Propagation of an unhandled exception
1.7.2.1. Record-level operations1.7.2.2. Field-level operations
1.8.2.1. Using an associative array1.8.2.2. Using a nested table1.8.2.3. Using a VARRAY
1.9.1.1. Structure of a procedure1.9.1.2. Calling a procedure
1.9.2.1. Structure of a function1.9.2.2. Calling a function
1.9.3.1. Defining parameters1.9.3.2. Actual and formal parameters1.9.3.3. Parameter modes
1.9.4.1. Rules for building packages1.9.4.2. Rules for calling packaged elements1.9.4.3. Package data
1.10.3.1. Error handling with implicit cursors1.10.3.2. Implicit SQL cursor attributes
1.10.5.1. Limiting rows retrieved with BULK COLLECT
1.10.6.1. Declaring REF CURSOR types1.10.6.2. Declaring cursor variables1.10.6.3. Opening cursor variables1.10.6.4. Fetching from cursor variables
1.11.6.1. Syntax of the FORALL Statement1.11.6.2. FORALL Examples
1.13.1.1. Transaction participation1.13.1.2. Creating a DML trigger1.13.1.3. The WHEN clause1.13.1.4. Working with NEW and OLD pseudo -records1.13.1.5. Determining the DML action within a trigger
1.13.2.1. Creating a DDL Trigger
1.13.3.1. Creating a database event trigger
2.4.2.1. Strong vs. weak REF cursors2.4.2.2. REF cursor attributes2.4.2.3. Dynamic data access
3.3.2.1. Random partitioning (PARTITION BY ANY)3.3.2.2. Range partitioning (PARTITION BY RANGE)3.3.2.3. Order streaming (ORDER)3.3.2.4. Hash partitioning (PARTITION BY HASH)3.3.2.5. Cluster streaming (CLUSTER)
4.2.7.1. Using DES3GETKEY4.2.7.2. Using the key in encryption
4.3.3.1. Specifying the encryption type4.3.3.2. Specifying chaining4.3.3.3. Specifying padding4.3.3.4. Combining options in the typ parameter4.3.3.5. Handling and converting RAW data4.3.3.6. Specifying the encryption algorithm4.3.3.7. Putting it together
5.2.2.1. Problems with static policies5.2.2.2. Using a pragma
5.3.2.1. Shared static policy5.3.2.2. Context-sensitive policy5.3.2.3. Shared context-sensitive policy
5.4.3.1. Data dictionary view5.4.3.2. Event-based tracing
6.2.3.1. Turning off bind variable capture
6.2.4.1. Drawbacks with the default FGA approach6.2.4.2. Creating a user-defined audit facility
6.3.2.1. The ADD_POLICY procedure6.3.2.2. The DROP_POLICY procedure6.3.2.3. The DISABLE_POLICY procedure6.3.2.4. The ENABLE_POLICY procedure
6.4.2.1. The DBA_FGA_AUDIT_TRAIL view6.4.2.2. The FLASHBACK_TRANSACTION_QUERY view
6.5.1.1. The case for FGA6.5.1.2. The case for triggers
7.1.1.1. Controlling the precision7.1.1.2. Controlling the range
7.1.2.1. The RANDOM function
8.2.1.1. Running OS executables and anonymous blocks8.2.1.2. DBA_SCHEDULER_JOBS view
8.2.2.1. Enabling and disabling jobs8.2.2.2. Stopping running jobs8.2.2.3. Running a job8.2.2.4. Dropping a job
8.3.1.1. Examples of calendar strings8.3.1.2. Determining future calendar strings
8.7.1.1. DBA_SCHEDULER_JOB_LOG8.7.1.2. DBA_SCHEDULER_JOB_RUN_DETAILS8.7.1.3. Pruning the job log8.7.1.4. Log levels8.7.1.5. Setting the retention period
8.7.2.1. DBA_SCHEDULER_WINDOW_LOG8.7.2.2. DBA_SCHEDULER_WINDOW_DETAILS

Content preview from Oracle PL/SQL for DBAs

Chapter 6. Fine-Grained Auditing

Auditing is a mechanism for logging the activity of database users. By supplying a way to associate specific actions with specific users, auditing provides accountability , a cornerstone of security. Traditional Oracle auditing logs information when users make changes to the database, but not when they merely query the data. Fine-grained auditing (FGA ), introduced in Oracle9i Database, extends logging to capture both changing and querying data. FGA is crucial for security, but it also provides an excellent way to analyze SQL usage and the performance of both individual statements and the overall application. It gives you a method for analyzing patterns of data access, which can be a powerful tool in improving your database performance.

This chapter describes how to use fine-grained auditing to your best advantage. By allowing you to choose which actions are to be audited and what information is to be collected, FGA lets you customize its features to suit your own database and application requirements.

FGA functionality is provided via the Oracle built-in package DBMS_FGA. In this chapter, I’ll describe the DBMS_FGA programs that allow you to establish and use FGA policies for your database and how the FGA features available in Oracle9i Database compare with those available in Oracle Database 10g. I’ll also describe how FGA interacts with another new Oracle Database 10g feature, flashback query, which allows you to see exactly what users saw when ...

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ISBN: 0596005873Supplemental Content Errata Page

Oracle PL/SQL for DBAs

by Arup Nanda, Steven Feuerstein

Chapter 6. Fine-Grained Auditing

Become an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month,
and much more.

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