
95Nonparallel Models
Basedonthex-standardized odds and hazard ratios, father’s education has the strongest
effect among this group of variables.
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A standard deviation increase in father’s years of
schooling is associated with a decrease in the hazard rate for a high school degree by a
factor of 0.69 or 31%. Variables that have an overall positive association with educational
attainment will tend to reduce the odds and hazard rate in the rst few educational stages
because they increase the chances that one will reach a higher level of educational attain-
ment, such as a college or postgraduate degree.
In the third stage, the outcome is a bina ...