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PART III: ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSES
Three Phases in the Decision-making Process
Decision making is de ned as the process of choosing between alternatives to achieve a goal.
While selecting among the alternatives, three distinct stages of the decision-making process
are identi able. ese three stages can be put into a time frame of:
1. e past, in which problems developed, information accumulated, and the need for a
decision was perceived;
2. e present, in which alternatives are found and the choice is made;
3. e future in which the decisions will be carried out and evaluated.
Herbert A. Simon (1960), the well-known Noble Prize–winning ...