• Managers tend to be more participative when they trust their subordinates to focus on
organizational rather than personal goals and when con ict among subordinates is
minimal.
• Managers tend to be less participative when they have all the necessary information to
make a high-quality decision.
• Managers tend to be less participative when the immediate problem is well structured or
where there is a common solution that has been applied in similar situations in the past.
• Managers tend to be less participative when time is limited and immediate action is
required.
Errors in Decision Making
At this juncture, ...
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