shi s from the smaller subunits to the entire organization. Integrative forces emphasize on
the coordination between the di erent subunits of an organization and integrate them into
a complete whole.
Di erentiation in organizations leads to specialization and functional expertise, whereas
integration brings in synergy and coordination. Both are important for the organization, in
the sense that di erentiation leads to the development of competence and expertise in spe-
ci c areas, whereas integration results in bringing these specialties into a totality giving it a
“complete picture.” When organizations ...
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