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PART IV: CHANGE PROCESSES
Characteristics of Effective Change Programmes
Distinguishing between change that inevitably happens to all organizations and change that
is planned by members of an organization is important. Our focus is primarily on inten-
tional, goal-oriented, organized, purposeful attempt by managers and employees to improve
the functioning of teams, departments, divisions or an entire organization in some important
way (Cummings and Worley 1997).
E ectively planned change e orts are o en characterized by some common characteris-
tics. For example, e ective change programmes may involve:
1. Motivating change by creating a ...