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PART I: INDIVIDUAL PROCESSES
and see an attractive, elegantly dressed woman, your perception may be the same as the
majority of rst-time viewers. However, you may agree with a sizable minority and see an
ugly old woman. In Figure 3.2, the young girl’s necklace is the older woman’s mouth and
the young girl’s chin and jaw together form the older woman’s nose. Who you see depends
upon your perceptual set.
In organizations, past experiences and learning of managers and employees strongly in u-
ence their perceptions. For example, imagine an architect, an interior decorator, and a real
estate appraiser—all employed by a design and engineering ...