
400 Oxygen-Enhanced Combustion
15.8.4 Soot Nanostructure
Soot nanostructure depends on dimension, curvature,
spacing, and relative orientation of graphene layers. The
variation of this nanostructure, for example, the pres-
ence of highly organized carbon layers in carbonaceous
soot is likely to affect its macroscopic properties depen-
dent upon the dimensions and relative orientations of
the graphene segments. Great attention has to be given
to this dependence that carries signicant implication
for design of combustion systems and their emission
requirements.
The morphological characteristics of a carbon par-
ticle can provide information of its ...