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19.1 Introduction
Oxyfuel burners were originally developed for appli-
cations that require extremely high ame tempera-
tures that could not be achieved using air/fuel burners.
Examples of these applications include cutting torches,
glass polishing, etc. Over the decades, advances in
oxyfuel burner development have enabled oxyfuel use
in a variety of applications, spanning a range of indus-
tries and furnace temperatures. Oxygen addition to air/
fuel burners, addition of oxyfuel burners to air-red
zones, and/or conversion of air red zones to oxyfuel-
red zones has been employed in a variety of industries
to improve productivity and fuel efciency ...