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10
Heat Transfer
Charles E. Baukal, Jr.
10.1 Introduction
Heat transfer plays a critical role in industrial combus-
tion processes where the primary objective is to transfer
heat from the hot combustion products to some type of
load. In industrial processes, radiation is often the dom-
inant mechanism and forced convection also plays an
important function. The more efcient the heat trans-
fer processes, the higher the overall system efciency.
This is important for many reasons. The operating
costs in the form of fuel are inversely proportional to
the efciency—the higher the efciency the lower the
fuel consumption. Pollution emissions are i