
271Flame Impingement
TABLE 12.5
Natural Gas Compositions (% Volume)
No. CH
4
C
2
H
6
C
3
H
8
C
4
H
10
C
m
H
n
CO
2
O
2
N
2
1 81.3 2.9 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.8 14.4
2 84.9 5.64 2.0 0.18 7.27
3 95.3 2.54 0.54 0.2 0.12 0.87 0.002 0.42
C
m
H
n
= other hydrocarbons.
FIGURE 12.16
Flames impinging normal to a plane surface with natural gas combusted with pure O
2
(Ω = 1.0) at different ring rates: (a) 5kW, (b) 15kW,
and (c) 35kW.
(b)
(c)
FIGURE 12.15
(See color insert.) Flames impinging normal to a plane surface with natural gas and variable oxidants: (a) air (Ω = 0.21, 5kW), (b) Ω = 0.30
(15kW), and (c) pure oxygen (Ω = 1.0, 5kW).