
32-1
32.1 Introduction
Owing to major advancements in power electronics and improvements in the eciency of motor
drives, vehicular technology standards have been raised signicantly. Automotive electronics have been
adapted to cater to the consumers’ needs. Figure 32.1 shows some of the more common loads that are
seen in automotives today. e following sections briey introduce the role played by power electronics
and motor drives in these applications.
An additional torque called assist torque is applied to the steering column from an attached
electric motor. Using feedback of torque and vehicle velocity for on-board sensors, the