Planes form an integral part of a power delivery network (PDN). They provide charge to the switching circuits at high frequencies and support return current of the signal lines. Packages and boards operating at high frequencies and requiring minimum power supply noise require planes for operation.
Planes supply voltage and current to the integrated circuit (IC) and always occur in pairs (called a plane pair). They consist of large areas of metal separated by a thin dielectric, as shown in Figure 2-1. The lateral dimensions (a x b) of the plane can be multiples of λ (wavelength in medium), and the dielectric thickness d is much smaller than λ. These dimensions provide both good and bad properties ...
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